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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, July 1999, p. 3240-3243, Vol. 65, No. 7
0099-2240/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

In Situ Detection of the Clostridium botulinum Type C1 Toxin Gene in Wetland Sediments with a Nested PCR Assay

Judy L. Williamson,1,* Tonie E. Rocke,1,dagger and Judd M. Aiken2

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Wildlife Health Center, Madison, Wisconsin 53711,1 and Department of Animal Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Wisconsin---Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 537062

Received 17 December 1998/Accepted 15 April 1999

A nested PCR was developed for detection of the Clostridium botulinum type C1 toxin gene in sediments collected from wetlands where avian botulism outbreaks had or had not occurred. The C1 toxin gene was detected in 16 of 18 sites, demonstrating both the ubiquitous distribution of C. botulinum type C in wetland sediments and the sensitivity of the detection assay.

* Corresponding author. Present address: U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, National Wildlife Health Center, 6006 Schroeder Rd., Madison, WI 53711. Phone: (608) 270-2453. Fax: (608) 270-2415. E-mail: Judy_Williamson{at}usgs.gov.

dagger Present address: U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, National Wildlife Health Center, Madison, WI 53711.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, July 1999, p. 3240-3243, Vol. 65, No. 7
0099-2240/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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