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Applied and Environmental Microbiology, January 2003, p. 577-582, Vol. 69, No. 1
0099-2240/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.69.1.577-582.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Inactivation of Feline Calicivirus and Adenovirus Type 40 by UV Radiation

Jeanette A. Thurston-Enriquez,1* Charles N. Haas,2 Joseph Jacangelo,3 Kelley Riley,4 and Charles P. Gerba4

United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583-0934,1 School of Environmental Science, Engineering and Policy, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104,2 Montgomery Watson Harza, Lovettsville, Virginia 20180,3 Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 857214

Received 17 June 2002/ Accepted 18 September 2002

Little information regarding the effectiveness of UV radiation on the inactivation of caliciviruses and enteric adenoviruses is available. Analysis of human calicivirus resistance to disinfectants is hampered by the lack of animal or cell culture methods that can determine the viruses' infectivity. The inactivation kinetics of enteric adenovirus type 40 (AD40), coliphage MS-2, and feline calicivirus (FCV), closely related to the human caliciviruses based on nucleic acid organization and capsid architecture, were determined after exposure to low-pressure UV radiation in buffered demand-free (BDF) water at room temperature. In addition, UV disinfection experiments were also carried out in treated groundwater with FCV and AD40. AD40 was more resistant than either FCV or coliphage MS-2 in both BDF water and groundwater. The doses of UV required to achieve 99% inactivation of AD40, coliphage MS-2, and FCV in BDF water were 109, 55, and 16 mJ/cm2, respectively. The doses of UV required to achieve 99% inactivation of AD40, coliphage MS-2, and FCV in groundwater were slightly lower than those in BDF water. FCV was inactivated by 99% by 13 mJ/cm2 in treated groundwater. A dose of 103 mJ/cm2 was required for 99% inactivation of AD40 in treated groundwater. The results of this study indicate that if FCV is an adequate surrogate for human caliciviruses, then their inactivation by UV radiation is similar to those of other single-stranded RNA enteric viruses, such as poliovirus. In addition, AD40 appears to be more resistant to UV disinfection than previously reported.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: USDA-ARS, 120 Keim Hall, East Campus, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583-0934. Phone: (402) 472-8935. Fax: (402) 472-0516. E-mail: Jthurston2{at}unl.edu.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, January 2003, p. 577-582, Vol. 69, No. 1
0099-2240/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/AEM.69.1.577-582.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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