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Appl Environ Microbiol. 1970 July; 20(1): 35-39
Copyright © 1970 American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Detection of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Antibodies

I. "Passive" Hemagglutination Test

G. Tokuda1 and R. E. Warrington

Plum Island Animal Disease Laboratory, Animal Disease and Parasite Research Division, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Greenport, New York 11944

ABSTRACT

A passive hemagglutination test has been developed to detect and measure foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) antibody by using glutaraldehyde as a coupling reagent. An optimal concentration of 10 to 40 µg of virus per ml with 0.25% glutaraldehyde at 25 C for 1 hr was established for the sensitization of sheep erythrocytes. A reaction time of 18 hr at 4 C or 2 hr at 37 C induced good agglutination in the presence of specific antibody. Sensitization was carried out in phosphate buffer, whereas agglutination and preadsorption of nonspecific agglutinins from sera were performed in gelatin (0.1%, w/v)-stabilized, phosphate-buffered saline. An optimal pH of 7.2 was also established for all reactions. Antibodies derived from guinea pigs hyperimmunized by infecting with FMDV, types A, O, and C were both virus-and type-specific. Preliminary experiments showed that strain A-119 and strain A-24 Cruzeiro could also be distinguished by hemagglutination. Parallel hemagglutination and complement-fixation tests showed the former to be two to four times more sensitive than the latter.

FOOTNOTES

1 Present address: The National Institute of Animal Health, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan. Sponsored by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Japan.

Appl Environ Microbiol. 1970 July; 20(1): 35-39
Copyright © 1970 American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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